This is the second time I've noticed this in the last day or so. example 1: Both of those ratings weren't for this post: (26 minutes ago being 3:36PM) Example 2: These are the only 3 alerts I got, but I received 9 ratings. I get really bothered by this. I hate the fact that I could've gotten ratings but I wouldn't know about it. Maybe it happened before, but I never noticed it. I don't know, because I never got alerts!
It seems to happen when you get multiple ratings on the same post. Maybe it's related to how you only get 1 alert for the first unread post? You can check ratings received here.
Hmm, the alert seems to show the most recent rating since you last read the thread. I need more datas though.
I've always had alerts act this way, for...years? I don't know exactly how it decides on giving you a notification, but I only get one notification per type of rating on a post unless they are spread out by several hours (which is how it appears in your screenshot). Likely to reduce on notification spam. That's preferable for most people, I think. As for the false/not shown rating, I'm not sure. Only experience I've had with that is when someone gives me a rating and then takes it away. But more times than not it will no longer provide a username or thread.
I used to get alerts for every single rating I received. It's how I, personally, prefer it. It drives me nuts not seeing every single rating in alerts.